India has completed its retaliatory nuclear deterrence triad consisting of land-based, aerial, and now maritime platforms capable of delivering nuclear weapons.
The announcement was made by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi following the return of INS Arihant , the country’s indigenously designed and built nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) from its maiden deterrence patrol.
“The success of INS Arihant enhances India’s security needs. It is a major achievement for our entire nation …. In an era such as this, a credible nuclear deterrence is the need of the hour,” Modi tweeted, adding that the move “gives a fitting response to those who indulge in nuclear blackmail.”
He told them that India now had a “robust nuclear command and control structure, [an] effective safety assurance architecture, and strict political control under its Nuclear Command Authority.”
Modi went on to say that India remains “committed to the doctrine of credible minimum deterrence and no first use [of nuclear weapons)]” but warned that it would annihilate any enemy that threatened it.
He also said that Arihant’ s development and operationalisation attested to India’s “technological prowess and synergy and co-ordination amongst all [parties] concerned”.
Built at the Ship Building Centre (SCB) at Vishakhapatnam for INR900 billion (USD12.33 billion), Arihant was quietly commissioned into Indian Navy (IN) service in August 2016: over three decades after the SSBN project was initiated.
Powered by an 82.5 MW pressurised light water reactor, the 6,000-tonne Arihant is armed with up to 12 Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)-designed K-15 Sagarika submarine launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), each of which has a range of 700 km.
Arighat , the second of four Arihant-class SSBNs, was launched at the SCB shipyard in December 2017. Scheduled for commissioning in 2020–21, Arighat is likely to be armed with the K-4 and K-5 SLBMs, both of which are under development and are expected to have ranges of 3,500 m and 6,000 m, respectively.
The two follow-on SSBNs – designated S4 and S4* – will have a displacement of 7,000 tonnes and are scheduled to be launched in 2020 and 2022 respectively.
The DRDO is also in an advanced stage of designing nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs), six of which were approved for construction by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) in 2015 for around INR600 billion each.
India is currently leasing INS Chakra , a Russian Project 971 ‘Akula’-class SSN, for 10 years until 2022 to serve as a training platform. The country is also in advanced negotiations with Moscow to lease another SSN.
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